Process of operating a DRAM system

ABSTRACT

A memory circuit ( 14 ) having features specifically adapted to permit the memory circuit ( 14 ) to serve as a video frame memory is disclosed. The memory circuit ( 14 ) contains a dynamic random access memory array ( 24 ) with buffers ( 18, 20 ) on input and output data ports ( 22 ) thereof to permit asynchronous read, write and refresh accesses to the memory array ( 24 ). The memory circuit ( 14 ) is accessed both serially and randomly. An address generator ( 28 ) contains an address buffer register ( 36 ) which stores a random access address and an address sequencer ( 40 ) which provides a stream of addresses to the memory array ( 24 ). An initial address for the stream of addresses is the random access address stored in the address buffer register ( 36 ).

[0001] This application is a divisional of prior application Ser. No.10/190,017, filed Jul. 5, 2002, pending; which was a divisional ofapplication Ser. No. 09/745,892, filed Dec. 21, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No.6,418,078, issued Jul. 9, 2002; which was a divisional of applicationSer. No. 08/488,231, filed Jun. 7, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,188,635,which was a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/362,289 filed Dec. 22,1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,636,176, which was a divisional of applicationSer. No. 08/175,478 filed Dec. 29, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,400,288,which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/843,780 filed Feb.28, 1992, abandoned, which was a divisional of application Ser. No.07/512,611 filed Apr. 20, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,807, which was acontinuation of application Ser. No. 07/137,305 filed Dec. 23, 1987,abandoned.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates in general to digital memorycircuits. Specifically, the present invention relates to digital memorycircuits which have particular advantages when used in connection withvideo applications.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Digital TV, VCR, and related video applications often utilize aframe or field memory that stores pixels which together represent anentire frame of video. Such a frame memory is used in producing avariety of special effects, such as frame freezing, zoom, pan, splitscreen monitoring, and the like. Although a frame memory may beconstructed using conventional discrete integrated circuits, such aframe memory is relatively expensive, dissipates an undesirably largeamount of power, and occupies an undesirably large amount of space. Whensuch a frame memory is targeted for use in a commercial product, theseproblems are major ones. Accordingly, a single integrated circuit,either alone or in combination with as few other integrated circuits aspossible, improves upon a frame memory which has been constructed fromconventional discrete integrated circuits.

[0004] Prior art integrated circuit devices have attempted to addressthe frame memory problem. However, such devices fail to provide anarchitecture which adequately addresses video application needs. Forexample, devices which include only a few of the typically needed framememory functions may be used in providing a wide variety of specialeffects. However, they must be combined with such a large quantity ofconventional discrete integrated circuits that little improvementresults over constructing a frame memory entirely from conventionaldiscrete integrated circuits. On the other hand, a conventional framememory integrated circuit may include a random access memory withcomplete on-chip address calculation. A video application which utilizessuch a frame memory accesses the entire frame memory serially. Thus,frame freeze and split screen monitoring special effects are supported.However, zoom and pan functions are either impossible or impracticalusing such a device.

[0005] Accordingly, the industry feels a need for a frame memoryintegrated circuit which optimizes circuit architecture to accommodate awide variety of special effects without requiring a large quantity ofsurrounding integrated circuits.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] Accordingly, it is an advantage of the present invention that aframe memory circuit is provided which permits limited random access.Consequently, a device constructed according to the teachings of thepresent invention may be efficiently used to perform a wide variety ofspecial effect video applications.

[0007] Another advantage of the present invention is that a memorycircuit is provided which includes a variety of address calculationmodes. Thus, a portion of the address calculations for certain specialeffect functions may be transferred to the memory circuit, and a videoapplication which utilizes such a memory circuit need not allocateprocessing power to such calculations.

[0008] The above advantages of the present invention are carried out inone form by a memory circuit which stores and provides steams of data.This memory circuit supports both serial access and random access. Adata input of a random access memory array couples to a data buffer sothat the data buffer may synchronize operation of the memory array withthe streams of data. An address input of the random access memory arraycouples to an address sequencer which generates a sequence of memoryaddresses that are successively applied to the memory array. An addressbuffer request also couples to the address sequencer. The address bufferregister supplies a random access address to the address sequencer toinitialize the sequence of memory addresses supplied by the addresssequencer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] A more complete understanding of the present invention may bederived by referring to the detailed description and claims whenconsidered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which likereference numbers indicate like features throughout the drawings, andwherein:

[0010]FIG. 1 illustrates a frame of a video display screen with whichthe present invention may be used;

[0011]FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a memory circuit built accordingto the teachings of the present invention;

[0012]FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a first alternate embodiment of anaddress generator portion of a memory circuit built according to theteachings of the present invention;

[0013]FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a second alternate embodiment ofan address generator portion of a memory circuit build according to theteachings of the present invention and connected to a microprocessor toform a system; and

[0014]FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of an address sequencer utilized bythe address generator portion of a memory circuit built according to theteachings of the present invention;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015]FIG. 1 illustrates a video frame 10, such as may appear on a TVtube or other video display terminal. Although frame 10 may appear as acontinuous analog video picture to a viewer, frame 10 may beelectrically represented as a multiplicity of digitized pixels 12. Eachone of the pixels defines parameters, such as color and relativeintensity, for one of a multiplicity of very small dot areas within thepicture of frame 10. Accordingly, the video frame 10 may contain arelatively large number of the digitized pixels 12. For example, a framecontaining 488 columns of pixels 12 by 488 rows of pixels 12 has a totalof 238,144 pixels per frame.

[0016] Pixels 12 are typically transmitted or otherwise processed in apredetermined sequential order to preserve the spatial relationshipbetween the pixels 12. For example, in a conventional raster scanapplication, pixels 12 may be transmitted to a memory device for storageor from storage in a memory device to a video display in successiveorder beginning with a pixel 12 a, that represents the pixel 12 in thefirst column of the first row of frame 10, and continuing in successiveorder to a pixel 12 b, which represents the pixel 12 in the last columnof the first row of frame 10. Immediately following the transmission ofpixel 12 b and sync information (not shown), a pixel 12 c, whichrepresents the pixel 12 in the first column of the second row, may betransmitted followed in successive order by the remaining pixels 12contained in the second row of frame 10. Transmission of pixels 12continues in this fashion until a pixel 12 d, which represents the pixel12 in the last column of the last row of frame 10, has been transmitted.Thus, any processing device which knows the timing relationship betweenan arbitrarily located pixel 12 and the beginning pixel 12 a also knowsor can easily calculate the spatial location of such arbitrarily locatedpixel 12 within frame 10.

[0017] A digital TV, VCR, or the like may contain a large frame or fieldmemory which is capable of storing all of the pixels 12 within frame 10.Pixels 12 collectively appear as a serial data stream when they areapplied to the frame memory. Except for special effects, the relativeorder of pixels 12 in this serial data stream must generally bepreserved when they are read from the frame memory to preserve thespatial relationships between the pixels 12. Some special effects do notrequire this preserved order, and valuable computation time may bewasted by precisely preserving the order of the pixels 12 as the pixels12 are being read from the frame memory.

[0018] One such special effect is a zoom effect wherein a small portionof a stored, digitized frame is expanded and converted to an analogsignal to fill an entire video display. For example, if frame 10 in FIG.1 represents an entire video display, then an area 11 within frame 10bounded by rows i and j and columns m and n is expanded in a zoomspecial effect to fill the entire frame 10. Thus, in the zoom specialeffect all of the digitized pixels 12 residing within frames 10 outsideof the area 11 bounded by rows i and j and columns m and n are inactiveand may be discarded. In other words, these inactive ones of the pixels12 need not be read from the frame memory. Consequently, the pixel 12located at column m and row i will be utilized as the first active pixel12 a transmitted to the video display in the zoom special effect. Activepixels 12 may be duplicated to complete an entire row of frame 10, androws may be duplicated to complete the vertical component of the zoomeffect. All of the digitized pixels transmitted to the video screen areconverted to an analog signal for display on the video screen.

[0019] In a split screen special effect, an entire frame 10 may beshrunk into a small area 13 of a screen, such as that bounded by row jand the last row of frame 10, and column n and the last column of frame10. This special effect is accomplished by utilizing only active ones ofthe pixels 12 out of each of a predetermined number of the pixels 12from an entire frame 10 of the pixels 12, and ignoring the interveninginactive ones of the pixels 12 (ie. skipping inactive pixels). For theexample depicted in FIG. 1, the shrunken frame is formed using only theactive pixels 12 that reside in one of every three columns and one ofevery three rows of the frame 10.

[0020] The present invention provides a memory circuit which series as aframe memory and permits these and other special effects to be performedefficiently. FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a memory circuit 14 builtaccording to the teachings of the present invention. In general, thepreferred embodiment of memory circuit 14 represents a single chipintegrated circuit that contains 2.sup.20 or 1,048,576 bits of memorystorage organized as 262,144 four bit wide words with special write andread access arrangements. Accordingly, a sufficient quantity of wordstorage is provided to buffer or store an entire 488.times.488 frame ofthe pixels 12 (see FIG. 1). If more than four bits of precision arerequired to accurately describe each pixel, then additional ones ofmemory circuit 14 may be used to store such additional bits

[0021] Memory circuit 14 generally operates in a serial access mode forboth write and read operations but has particular features which permitrandom access for writing or reading of the memory circuit 14 on alimited scale. Those skilled in the art will understand that serialaccess refers to a mode of storing and reading data in which the datamust be read out from a memory in the same order sequential address inwhich it was stored into the memory. Furthermore, random access refersto the ability to write, read, or otherwise access any location in amemory array by supplying a selected unique address which corresponds tosuch memory location.

[0022] Specifically, for receiving analog video signals converted todigital pixels, memory circuit 14 includes a serial pixel data input 16a, which in the preferred embodiment supplies four bits of data perpixel. Serial pixel data input 16 a couples to an input port of a writeserial latch 18 a, and an output port of write serial latch 18 a couplesto an input port of a write register 20 a.

[0023] An output port of write register 20 a couples to a data inputport 22 a of a memory array 24. In the preferred embodiment, memoryarray 24 is a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) array containing2.sup.18 or 262,144 four bit memory locations. A data output port 22 bof memory array 24 couples to a data input port of a read register 20 b,and a data output port of read register 20 b couples to a data inputport of a read serial latch 18 b. A data output port of read seriallatch 18 b couples to a serial pixel data output 16 b, which in thepreferred embodiment provides four bits of data per pixel for conversionto an analog video signal for display.

[0024] A serial write clock terminal 26 a couples to a write addressgenerator 28 a, an arbitration and control circuit 30, and a clock inputor write serial latch 18 a. Similarly, a serial read clock terminal 26 bcouples to a read address generator 28 b, arbitration and controlcircuit 30, and a clock input of read serial latch 18 b. A refreshaddress and timing circuit 32 has an output which couples to an input ofarbitration and control circuit 30, and outputs 21 a, 21 b, 23, and 25from arbitration and control circuit 30 respectively couple to a clockinput of write register 20 a, a clock input of read register 20 b, acontrol input of memory array 24, and an address input of memory array24. Serial write clock terminal 26 a and serial read clock terminal 26 breceive respective write and read continuous clock signals each formedof rising and falling edges regularly spaced in time. The write and readclock signals are continuous during operation of memory circuit 14.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 2, address generators 28 a and 28 b comprisesrespective write and read address ports that are structurally similar toone another in the preferred embodiment. Thus, a write control dataterminal 34 a couples to a serial data input of an address bufferregister 36 a in write address generator 28 a. A read control dataterminal 34 b couples to a serial data input of an address bufferregister 36 b in read address generator 23 b. Likewise, a write controlstrobe terminal 38 a couples to a clock input of address buffer register36 a, and a read control strobe terminal 38 b couples to a clock inputof address buffer register 36 b. A data output of address bufferregister 36 a couples to a data input of an address sequencer 40 a, anda data output of address buffer register 36 b couples to a data input ofan address sequencer 40 b. A write reset terminal 42 a couples to aclear input of address sequencer 40 a, and a write transfer terminal 44a couples to a present input of address sequencer 40 a. A read resetterminal 42 b couples to a clear input of address sequencer 40 b, and aread transfer terminal 44 b couples to a preset input of addresssequencer 40 b. Serial write clock terminal 26 a couples to a clockinput of address sequencer 40 a within address generator 28 a, andserial read clock terminal 26 b couples to a clock input of addresssequencer 40 b within address generator 28 b. An output 46 a of addresssequencer 40 a presents the output signal from address generator 28 aand couples to an input of arbitration and control circuit 30. Likewise,an output 46 b of address sequencer 40 b presents the output signal fromaddress generator 20 b and couples to arbitration and control circuit30. Memory circuit 14 may be provided in a 20 pin integrated circuitpackage.

[0026] As discussed above, memory circuit 14 may be operated in either aserial or a limited random access mode. In addition, the storing orwriting of data into memory circuit 14 may occur asynchronously with thereading or providing of data from memory circuit 14. Asynchronous meanstimed by other than a common clock. Memory circuit 14 may be writteninto serially by activating write reset signal on terminal 42 a to clearaddress sequencer 40 a. Then, a four bit wide stream of serial data maybe stored in memory circuit 14 by applying the four bit data nibbles atthe write clock rate to the data input 16 a while asserting a serialwrite clock signal at terminal 26 a. One assertion of the serial writeclock signal causes write serial latch 18 a to temporarily store orbuffer one four bit data nibble. Write serial latch 18 a operates as afour bit wide shift register. Thus, subsequent four bit nibbles from thedata stream of serial pixel data applied at data input 16 a are shiftedinto serial latch 18 a at the write clock rate upon subsequentassertions of the serial write clock signal.

[0027] In addition, each assertion of the serial write clock signal alsocauses address sequencer 40 a of write address generator 28 a to supplya new selected random access address to arbitration and control circuit30. In other words, address sequencer 40 a provides a stream ofaddresses to arbitration and control circuit 30 which corresponds to thestream of data being stored in write serial latch 18 a.

[0028] Arbitration and control circuit 30 receives addresses fromaddress generators 28 a-28 b and refresh address and timing circuit 32

[0029] Circuit 30 monitors these inputs and various timing signals todecide which of the addresses provided on these inputs should betransferred at a specific time to memory array 24. Arbitration andcontrol circuit 30 includes conventional logic circuits for controllingthe timing operation of the dynamic memories which comprise memory array24. Thus, arbitration and control circuit 30 passes an address generatedby address generator 28 a to memory array 24 so that data may be writteninto memory array 24, but a delay may occur due to refresh operations orread accesses of memory array 24. Accordingly, arbitration and controlcircuit 30 may additionally contain storage devices so that addressesgenerated by address generators 28 a-28 b are not lost when immediateaccess to memory array 24 is blocked. When arbitration and controlcircuit 30 identifies a time at which the serial pixel data may bewritten into memory array 24, such data is transferred from write seriallatch 18 a into write register 20 a and then written into memory array24. Accordingly, write serial latch 18 a and write register 20 atogether represent a double buffering scheme which permits asynchronousoperation of memory array 24 and particularly the storing of serialpixel data into memory circuit 14.

[0030] The reading of data from memory array 24 occurs in a mannersimilar to that described above for the storing of data onto memoryarray 24. Thus, an address generated by address generator 28 b istransferred through arbitration and control circuit 30 at an appropriatetime to cause data from memory array 24 to be read into read register 20b. Thereafter, this data is transferred into read serial latch 18 b sothat such data may be provided at data output terminal 16 b through theapplication of a serial read clock signal at terminal 26 b. Serial datais provided at output 16 b asynchronously with the operation of memoryarray 24 and asynchronously with the storing of serial pixel data intomemory circuit 14 at terminal 16 a.

[0031] The limited random access feature of memory circuit 14 isprovided through address generators 28 a-28 b. In the embodiment ofmemory circuit 14 shown in FIG. 2, write address generator 28 a and readaddress generator 28 b are structurally and operationally identical,except that write address generator 28 a provides write addresses whileread address generator 28 b provides read addresses. Accordingly, bothaddress generators 28 a-28 b are described below by reference only towrite addresses generator 28 a. Those skilled in the art will recognizethat read address generator 28 b operates identically in the preferredembodiment.

[0032] A random access address may be serially loaded into addressbuffer register 36 a by applying such address to control data terminal34 a in a sequential manner and activating a control strobe signalapplied at terminal 38 a when valid data appear at terminal 34 a. Thus,in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, address buffer register 36 arepresents a serial shift register. The use of a serial shift registerconserves the number of external pins needed for constructing memorycircuit 14 in an integrated circuit when compared to a parallel loadedregister. After the random access address has been entered into addressbuffer register 36 a, it may be transferred to address sequencer 40 a bythe application of a write transfer signal at terminal 44 a. In thepreferred embodiments of the present invention, address sequencer 40 amay represent a presetable, binary counter or other presetablesequencing circuit. Thus, the transferred address forms the initialaddress of a sequence of addresses which are subsequently generated byaddress generator 28 a. If address sequencer 40 a represents a binarycounter, then subsequent addresses will increment or decrement startingwith this present or initial value.

[0033] If memory array 24 contains 2.sup.18 four bit words of memory,then address buffer register 36 a may advantageously represent an 18 bitregister, and address sequencer 40 a may represent an 18 bit counter, orother sequencing circuit. On the other hand, address buffer register 3.6a and address sequencer 40 a may contain fewer bits, such as nine bitsfor example. In the nine bit situation, the random access addressprovided by address buffer register 36 a could access the beginning ofmemory pages or rows wherein each page or row contains 2.sup.9 or 512words of memory.

[0034] The inclusion of address buffer register 36 a to provide alimited random access feature permits memory circuit 14 to beefficiently utilized in a zoom special effect. For example, a zoomeffect may be accomplished by writing an entire frame of pixel data intomemory array 24 using a serial write access mode. A beginning, preset orinitial pixel address, such as the address of a pixel located at row icolumn m, in FIG. 1, may then be loaded into read address bufferregister 36 b and transferred to address sequencer 40 b. A first row,such as row i, of the portion of frame 10 which is to be expanded intoan entire frame may then be read from memory array 24 in a serial orsequential mode until a pixel corresponding to, for example, row i,column n, appears at output terminal 16 b. Readout occurs at the serialread clock rate. A row may be repeated as often as necessary to achievevertical zoom by transferring the random access address from addressbuffer register 36 b to address sequencer 40 b. An address correspondingto the pixel located at row i+1 and column m may then be loaded intoaddress buffer register 36 b and transferred to address sequencer 40 b.This process continues at the serial read clock rate until a final pixelfor the frame to be expanded has been output from memory array 24. Thepixels are converted to analog video signals for display. Due to thisfeature, a video system need not start accesses of memory circuit 12 atan initial address, such as pixel 12 a (shown in FIG. 1) and accessinactive pixels stored within memory array 24. More efficient operationresults.

[0035] The present invention contemplates alternate embodiments ofaddress generators 28 a-28 b. A first alternate embodiment of addressgenerators 28 a-28 b is shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 shows only one ofaddress generators 28. The address generator 28 shown in FIG. 3 mayserve as either write address generator 28 a or read address generator28 b (see FIG. 2).

[0036] In this first alternate embodiment of an address generator 28,address buffer register 36 may be loaded both serially and in parallel.Thus, control data terminal 34, which may represent either write controldata terminal 34 a or read control data terminal 34 b, as discussedabove in connection with FIG. 2, couples to the serial data input ofaddress buffer register 36. Control strobe terminal 38 couples to theserial clock input of address buffer register 36 and a serial clockinput of an address offset register 48. The parallel data output ofaddress buffer register 36 couples to a first input of an adder 50 andthe data input of address sequencer 40. A parallel data output ofaddress offset register 46 couples to a second input of adder 50. Anoutput of adder 50 couples to a parallel data input of address bufferregister 36, and transfer terminal 44 couples to a parallel clock inputof address buffer 36 and the preset input of address sequencer 40. Amost significant bit from the parallel data output or a serial outputbit, of address buffer register 36 couples to a serial data input ofaddress offset register 48. Serial clock terminal 26 couples to theclock input of address sequencer 40, and reset terminal 42 couples to aclear input of address sequencer 40. A data output of address sequencer40 couples to address generator output 46.

[0037] Address buffer register 36 and address sequencer 40 operate inthis first alternate embodiment similarly to their above-describedoperation in connection with address generator 28 a-28 b of FIG. 2.However, in this first alternate embodiment, the control data providedat terminal 34 is used to load both address buffer register 36 andaddress offset register 48. Thus, additional bits of control data areloaded into memory circuit 14 without requiring additional integratedcircuit pins. Moreover, a most significant bit, or a serial output bit51, from address offset register 48 may advantageously be routed to thecontrol data input for the other one of read and write addressgenerators 28 a and 28 b (see FIG. 1). In addition, the control strobesignal applied at terminal 38 may be routed to the other one of controlstrobe terminals 38 a and 38 b of FIG. 2. These two connections betweenaddress generators 28 a and 28 b eliminate two integrated circuit pinsfrom the structure shown in FIG. 2.

[0038] In this first alternate embodiment of the present invention, thecontrol data contained in address offset register 48 is added to acurrent initial address value contained in address buffer register 36 toprovide a new initializing random access address value. This newinitializing value is loaded into address buffer register 36 when thecurrent address value is transferred into address sequencer 40.

[0039] Referring additionally to FIG. 1, the first alternate embodimentof the present invention may be advantageous in performing, for example,the zoom special effect. Thus, the address offset value loaded intoaddress offset register 48 may represent the quantity of inactive pixelsoccurring between column n of one row and column m of the next row. Atthe end of each frame row a transfer signal may be asserted on terminal44, and the random access address of the next active pixel,corresponding to column n of the next row, is automatically calculatedand stored in address buffer register 36 to initiate another sequence ofsequential accesses to memory circuit 14. Complexity of a video systememploying memory circuit 14 decreases because components external tomemory circuit 14 need not calculate this address.

[0040] A second alternate embodiment of address generators 28 a-28 bfrom FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 4. The FIG. 4 embodiment illustrates thatrandom access addresses may be loaded into address buffer register 36 ina parallel fashion, which may be more compatible with conventionalmicroprocessor integrated circuits. However, the number of integratedcircuit pins needed to implement this embodiment increases over theembodiments discussed above in connection with FIGS. 2 and 3. Inaddition, FIG. 4 shows the inclusion of an alternate address bufferregister 52 in addition to address buffer register 36. Specifically,control data terminals 34 may advantageously provide an eight bitmicroprocessor data bus 80 which couples to data inputs of individualeight bit portions 54 a, 54 b, and 54 c of address buffer register 36.In addition, control data terminals 34 couple to data inputs ofindividual eight bit portions 56 a, 56 b, and 56 c of alternate addressbuffer register 52. Data outputs of individual portions 54 a-54 ctogether form a 24 bit bus which couples to a first data input of amultiplexer 58. Likewise, data outputs of individual portions 56 a-56 cform a 24 bit bus which couples to a second data input of multiplexer58. A data output of multiplexer 58 couples to a data input of a binarycounter which serves as address sequencer 40 in this second alternateembodiment. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that thenumber of subregisters included within address buffer register 36 andalternate address buffer register 52 and the number of bits containedwithin the buses described above are subject to a substantial variationin accordance with specific application requirements.

[0041] In addition, microprocessor address input terminals 60 a, 60 b,and 60 c, couple to address input of a decoder 62 and an address inputterminal 60 d couples to an enable input of decoder 62. The controlstrobe terminal 38, discussed above, couples to an enable input ofdecoder 62. Outputs 01-06 of decoder 62 couple to clock inputs ofindividual address buffer register portions 54 a-54 c and clock inputsof individual alternate address buffer register portions 56 a-56 c,respectively. An output 07 from decoder 62 couples to a clock input of aflip flop 64 which is configured to toggle upon the activation of theclock input. An output of flip flop 64 couples to a select input ofmultiplexer 58. An output 08 of decoder 62 couples to a preset input ofbinary counter 40. The serial clock 26 couples to a clock input ofbinary counter 40, and reset terminal 42 couples to a clear input offlip flop 64 and a clear input of binary counter 40. An output of binarycounter 40 couples to output 46 of address generator 28.

[0042] In this second alternate embodiment of address generator 28, oneinitializing random access address may be stored in address register 36while an alternate initializing random access address is stored inalternate address buffer register 52. A microprocessor 82 may storethese addresses in memory circuit 14 through conventional memory or I/Owrite operations to addresses specified by signals applied on terminals60 a-60 c. An address input bit applied at terminal 60 d mayadvantageously distinguish between a write address generator 28 a and aread address generator 28 b (see FIG. 1). By applying an active signalto reset terminal 42, flip flop 64 and binary counter 40 may beinitialized to a cleared state. At this point, address generator 28operates substantially as described above in connection with FIG. 2.However, an alternate random access address stored in alternate addressbuffer 52 may selectively initialize binary counter 40. A microprocessorwrite operation which toggles flip flop 54, followed by a microprocessorwrite operation that transfers data into binary counter 40, initializesbinary counter 40 with an alternate random access address. Flip flop 64may be toggled by performing a write operation to the address whichactivates output 07 of decoder 62. A transfer operation from theselected one of address buffer registers 36 and 52 occurs by writing tothe address which activates the output 08 of decoder 62.

[0043] Alternate address buffer register 52 may advantageously be usedby a video system to efficiently buffer a line within a frame of data.Since memory circuit 14 of the preferred embodiment contains asufficient quantity of memory to accommodate 2.sup.18 or 262,144 pixels,memory circuit 14 has unused memory locations when used to store asingle frame of data which contains, for example, 480 pixel columns by480 pixel rows. Accordingly, a random access address in this unusedportion of memory may be loaded in alternate address buffer register 52.A single line of a frame may be efficiently stored in memory circuit 14by transferring this alternate initial address value to binary counter40, then sequentially storing such line of pixels into the otherwiseunused portion of memory circuit 14.

[0044] In addition, the present invention contemplates alternativeembodiments for address sequencer 40. As shown in FIG. 4, addresssequencer 40 may represent a conventional presetable, clearable, binarycounter. Such circuits are well known to those skilled in the art andneed not be described in detail herein. However, address sequencer 40may alternatively represent a circuit which increments or decrements bya variable step value which may differ from the value of one. Such acircuit is shown in FIG. 5.

[0045] Accordingly, in FIG. 5 parallel address data input terminals 44couple to a first input of an address buffer register 66. Presetterminal couples to a select input of address buffer register 66. Anoutput 67 of register 66 couples to a data input of address sequencer68, and the clock input terminal 26 of address sequencer 40 couples to aclock input of sequencer 68. Likewise, the reset or clear terminal 42couples to a clear input of sequencer 68. A data output of sequencer 68provides the data output of address sequencer 40 and additionallycouples to a first input of an adder 70. An output of adder 70 couplesto a second input of address buffer register 66. The address or controldata terminals 34, discussed above in connection with FIGS. 2-4, alsocouple to a data input of an address increment register 72.Additionally, the control strobe terminal 38, discussed above inconnection with FIGS. 2-4, couples to a clock input of register 72. Adata output of the address increment register 72 couples to a secondinput of adder 70.

[0046] In this FIG. 5 embodiment of address sequencer 40, register 72may represent either a parallel or a serially loaded register, asdiscussed above in connection with FIGS. 2-4. Additionally, if register72 represents a serially loaded register, then register 72 may representone register out of many coupled together in a long chain of seriallyloaded registers, as discussed above in connection with FIG. 3. The dataloaded into register 72 is intended to represent a increment step bywhich sequencer 68 generates successive addresses at output 46 ofaddress generator 28. A current output of address sequencer 68 is addedto the step increment value from address increment register 72 in adder70, and routed through buffer register 66 back to sequencer 68. Thus, asubsequent address generated by address sequencer 68 equals the previousaddress plus the address step increment contained in register 72. Thisaddress step increment need not equal the value of integer one but mayequal any positive or negative value. Furthermore, if the number of bitscarried on the buses that couple together register 72, adder 70,register 66, and sequencer 68 is greater than the number of bitsprovided at the output of address sequence 68, then subsequent addressesmay be incremented in fractional steps.

[0047] Address sequencer 68 may be preset, or initialized, with a randomaccess address by applying an active signal on the present terminal 44,supplying data at the data control input terminals 34, and clocking theclock signal of address sequencer 68. Thus, this initializing randomaccess address is loaded directly into sequencer 68. In addition,address sequencer 68 may be cleared, or reset, by applying a resetsignal to the clear input terminal 42.

[0048] Referring additionally to FIG. 1, the address sequencer 68depicted in FIG. 5 is useful in performing the split screen specialeffect where an entire frame is displayed in only a small portion of avideo screen, such as the lower right hand area 13 shown in FIG. 1. Withthis special effect, if memory circuit 14 has every pixel 12 of a frame10 stored therein, then only one out of every group of a predeterminednumber of stored pixels is active in constructing the shrunken screen.Address sequencer 68 shown in FIG. 5 allows memory circuit 14 to provideonly the active pixels by supplying a sequence of addresses which omitsinactived pixel addresses.

[0049] In summary, the present invention provides a memory circuit whichallows a video system to efficiently perform special effects.Specifically, the inclusion of various limited random accessing featuresallows memory circuit 14 to store and/or provide only active pixels fora given special effect and not inactive pixels. Consequently, activepixels may be retrieved from memory circuit 14 much quicker than occurswith the use of prior art frame memory circuits.

[0050] The foregoing description uses preferred embodiments toillustrate the present invention. However, those skilled in the art willrecognize that changes and modifications may be made in theseembodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.For example, read address generator 28 b need not precisely resemblewrite address generator 28 a. Additionally, although the embodimentsdepicted in FIGS. 3-5 are mentioned above as being alternativeembodiments, nothing prevents one skilled in the art from combining theteaching from more than one of these alternate embodiments into a singleframe memory circuit 14. Moreover, those skilled in the art willrecognize that additional address processing capabilities may be builtinto frame memory circuit 14. Such additional address processingcapabilities may include the addition of a signal which indicates theend of a frame line, a signal which indicates the end of a frame, andthe automatic transferring of random access addresses to an addresssequencer upon the occurrence of the end of line and end of framesignals. Furthermore, although specific frame and memory arraydimensions have been presented herein to aid in teaching the presentinvention, it is intended that the present invention not be limited toany particular dimensions. These and other modifications obvious tothose skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope ofthe present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A memory circuit for storing and providingstreams of data, said memory circuit accommodating both serial accessand random access, and said memory circuit comprising: a random accessmemory array having an address input and a data port; a data bufferhaving a data port coupled to said memory array data port, said databuffer synchronizing operation of said memory array to the streams ofdata; an address sequencer having a data input and having an outputcoupled to said memory array address input, said address sequencergenerating a sequence of memory addresses to be successively applied tosaid memory array; and an address buffer register having an outputcoupled to said address sequencer data input, said address bufferregister supplying a random access address that initializes the sequenceof memory addresses generated by said address sequencer.
 2. A memorycircuit as claimed in claim 1 wherein said address buffer registercomprises a serially loaded shift register.
 3. A memory circuit asclaimed in claim 1 additionally comprising a terminal coupled to saidaddress sequencer and adapted to receive a signal which causes datacontained in said address buffer register to transfer to said addresssequencer.
 4. A memory circuit as claimed in claim 1 wherein said memoryarray, data buffer, address sequencer, and address buffer register areincluded within a single integrated circuit.
 5. A memory circuit asclaimed in claim 1 wherein said address sequencer comprises a binarycounter having a data input coupled to the output of said address bufferregister and an output coupled to the address input of said memoryarray.
 6. A memory circuit as claimed in claim 1 wherein said addresssequencer comprises: a first register having a data input coupled to anode which serves as said address sequencer data input and an outputwhich serves as said address sequencer output; a second register havingan output, said second register being for storing an increment stepvalue; and an adder having a first input coupled said first registeroutput, a second input coupled to said second register output, and anoutput coupled to said first register data input.
 7. A memory circuit asclaimed in claim 1 wherein said data buffer synchronizes operation ofsaid memory array to the data stream being stored into said memoryarray, said address sequencer generates memory addresses at which thestored data stream is written into said memory array, and said memorycircuit additionally comprises: a second data buffer having a data portcoupled to said memory array data port, said second data buffer beingfor synchronizing operating of said memory array to the data streamprovided by said memory circuit; a second address sequencer having anoutput coupled to said memory array address input and a data input, saidsecond address sequencer generating a sequence of memory addresses to beapplied to said memory array for reading the provided data stream fromsaid memory array; and a second address buffer register having an outputcoupled to said second address generator data input, said second addressbuffer register supplying a random access address that initializes thesequence of memory addresses generated by said second address sequencer.8. A memory circuit as claimed in claim 1 additionally comprising: anaddress offset register having an output, said address offset registerbeing for storing address offset data; and an adder having a first inputcoupled to said address buffer register output, a second input coupledto said address offset register output, and an output coupled to a datainput of said address buffer register, said adder providing a randomaccess address representing a sum of a past random access address andsaid address offset data.
 9. A memory circuit as claimed in claim 1additionally comprising an alternate address buffer register having anoutput coupled to said address sequencer data input, said alternateaddress buffer register supplying an alternate random access addressthat initializes an alternate sequence of memory addresses generated bysaid address sequencer.
 10. An integrated memory circuit for storing andproviding streams of data, said integrated memory circuit accommodatingserial access and limited random access, and said integrated memorycircuit comprising: a random access memory array having an addressinput, a data input port, and a data output port; a first data bufferhaving a data port coupled to said memory array data input port, saidfirst data buffer synchronizing operation of said memory array to thestored stream of data; a second data buffer having a data port coupledto said memory array data output port, said second data buffersynchronizing operation of said memory array to the provided stream ofdata; and first and second address generators wherein said first addressgenerator generates addresses used for writing the stored data streaminto said memory array, said second address generator generatesaddresses used for reading the provided data stream from said memoryarray, and each of said first and second address generators comprises: abinary counter having an output coupled to said memory array addressinput and a data input, said binary counter being for counting memoryaddresses to be applied to said memory array; and a serially loadedaddress buffer register having an output coupled to said binary counterdata input, said address buffer register being for supplying an initialrandom access memory address which starts the count of said binarycounter.
 11. A memory circuit as claimed in claim 10 wherein each ofsaid first and second address generators additionally comprises: anaddress offset register having an output, said address offset registerstoring address offset data; and an adder having a first input coupledto said address buffer register output, a second input coupled to saidaddress offset register output, and an output coupled to a data input ofsaid address buffer register, said adder providing a sum of a pastrandom access address and said address offset data to said addressbuffer register.
 12. A memory circuit as claimed in claim 10 whereineach of said first and second address generators additionally comprisesan alternate buffer register having an output coupled to said binarycounter data input, said alternate address buffer register supplying analternate initial random access memory address which is counted by saidbinary counter.
 13. A method of storing and providing streams of datausing a random access memory array, said method comprising the steps of:buffering the streams of data into and out from the memory array so thatthe stored and provided data streams occur asynchronously with operationof the memory array; generating a random access address; and generatinga sequence of addresses initialized with said random access address saidaddresses being successively applied to the random access memory array.14. A method as claimed in claim 13 wherein said generating a randomaccess address step comprises one step of serially loading a registerwith the random access address.
 15. A method as claimed in claim 13wherein said generating a sequence step comprises the step of countingsuccessive data items within the streams of data to generate addressesfor successive application to the random access memory array.
 16. Amethod as claimed in claim 13 wherein said generating a sequence stepgenerates addresses for writing the stored data stream into the array,and said method additionally comprises the step of: generating a secondsequence of addresses which are successively applied to the randomaccess memory array for reading the provided data stream from the memoryarray; and supplying, to said generating a second sequence step, arandom access address which initiates the successively applied sequenceof addresses.
 17. A method as claimed in claim 13 additionallycomprising the steps of: providing an address offset value; and addingthe address offset value to the random access address to generate asecond random access address.
 18. A method as claimed in claim 13additionally comprising the step of supplying, to said generating asequence step, a second random access address which initiates a secondsuccessively applied sequence of addresses.
 19. A method as claimed inclaim 13 wherein said generating a sequence step comprises the steps of:providing an increment step value; and adding the increment step valueto a current address from the sequence of addresses to produce a nextaddress in the sequence of addresses.